(Pharm) PH4CT22 TERM DATE SAMPLE PAPER OF EXAMPLES TIME SAMPLE PHARMACEUTICS PAPER 2 VENUE Examiners. Examples are ceramic filters and sintered filters [4] and cross flow filtration [5]. It is important to consider your specific application and to match the membrane's unique characteristics for optimal performance to the application. Precipitate iv. pharmaceutical, and chemical industries for depth filtration. SCHOOL OF PHARMACY SENIOR SOPHISTER, B.Sc. Filter Press: The plate and frame press is widely used for filtrations in pharmaceutical industries. 5. Bag filters, named as such because the debris that is filtered out is collected in a bag, come in various pore sizes to meet the varying filtration needs of . Growth in this market is driven majorly by the rising R&D spending in the pharmaceutical & biopharmaceutical industry, growing demand for membrane filtration . FILTRATION may be defined as the "Separation of solids from a fluid by means of a porous medium that retains the solids but allows the fluid to pass. b) Prevent bacteria during filtration. It should be insoluble in the liquid to be filtered. Add to cart. 3- no chemical or physical interactions Solid/fluid filtration 2. Answer: a. Clarification: If the aperture size of the filtration medium is too small, it causes high pressure drops. plasma fractionation). Classification of filtration 1. 3M Zeta Plus SP Series Filter Cartridges Since then, some 25 cases have been noted wherein the 0.2/0.22 /lm rated membranes did not yield sterile effluent (Sundaram et aI., 2001, Part 1). loop, the high cell density fluids result in increased cell shear and fragmentation. To remove unwanted solid particles from liquid 2. FILTER PRESS Plate and Frame Filter Press It consists of hollow frames and solid plates . Filtration is a process for separating two substances of two different physical states. Purchase Filters and Filtration Handbook - 6th Edition. d) Prevent yeast during filtration. Particulate matter iii. Clarification becomes the real challenge. Depth filters can clarify a wide range of cell culture feed streams in a single-use format. Filter cloth is fitted on each side of the plate. Fluid/fluid filtration 3. Filtration MCQ Question 7. They are also useful as stand-alone clarifying or particle removal filters in less critical applications. Pharmaceutical Chemistry I Acids, bases, and buffers Antioxidants Gastrointestinal agents Topical agents It requires thorough process monitoring of pressures, feed flow, flux, and so on. Ideal properties of Filter Aids. Study of the following filtration equipments Filter Press Sintered Filters 3rd (Batch C) ----do 12th(OCT.1ST week) 2 1st Filter Candles, Meta filter 1st (Batch A) Viva-voca 2nd Study of percolation, continuous hot extraction, Hollow fiber filtration market to 2025 by technique (microfiltration and ultrafiltration), material (polymer and ceramic), application (continous cell perfusion, harvest & clarification, and concentration & diafiltration), end user (pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, contract research and manufacturing organizations, research and development departments, and other end users), and . To collect the solid as the product itself. 0.20 to 0.30 mm. Tangential flow filtration (TFF) is a rapid and efficient method for separation and purification of biomolecules. Pharmacy (Part-II) to examine students of the second year course . Solid/gas filtration 3. clarifying filters decrease filtration time, enable high throughputs, and reduce the need for multiple filter change-outs due to premature plugging. 5.3 Alumina - Washing, Clarification and Product Recovery; 5.4 Starch Washing and Dewatering; 5.5 Bulk Water Filters; 5.6 . 3. Each plate has an outlet for filtrate . 4. Because sterilization of all patient-care items is . b) True, True. Ultra-Filtration: Separation of intermicellar liquid from solid by the use of pressure . 1.1 Application of filtration in Pharmaceutical industry Filtration is used to separate particles and fluid in a suspension, where the fluid can be a liquid, a gas or . Filtration and Clarification for Low Solids Concentrations Applications include water & amine scrubbers, chlor-alkali, chemical, biodiesel, gasification / . 6. 1. Clarification and Filtration -Theory of filtration, Filter media; Filter aids and selection of filters. SXLPEK1416SP: Stax large depth filter capsule, single-layer media grade SUPRA EK1P, 0.2-0.5 m retention rating, 2.0 m EFA. Researchers have traditionally relied on centrifugation, but it is costly, labor-intensive, difficult to scale up, and not always aseptic. Therefore, TFF is more delicate to use than normal-flow filtration (typically involving depth filters). 4. DRM-free (EPub, PDF, Mobi) eBook Format Help. diatomaceous earth, perlite) is used to constantly build a filter cake during filtration. Pore size of the filter media iii. filter media the surface upon which solids are deposited in a filter is called the"filter medium" properties of ideal filter medium: 1- it must be capable of delivering a clear filtrate at a suitableproduction rate. Statement 1: Filter cake increases the efficiency of filtration. TIME ALLOWED : THREE HOURS SECTION A Write an essay on one of the following: The formulation and potential uses of liposome preparations. Learn More This premium-grade medium has been Designed for small pre-filtration, clarification, and final filtration, in pharmaceutical, biotechnology, food and . Ratio of filter aid=0.1 to 0.5 % of total liquid. Clarification: (often considered part of the upstream processing train) Sedimentation- based Clarification continuous centrifugation capable of handling very large harvest volumes open process- contamination and safety issues Direct Flow Filtration microporous volume and throughput limited charged filter media cellulose pads It is used for separating solids from turbid liquids (filtrate), pure gases or solids. Or filter cake thickness=1/16 to 1/8 inch ody Mix: Direct addition of filter aid to the filter feed. In this pharmaceutics mcqs with answers pdf we have selected 30 Important Questions from the previous 4 year papers. The filter cake with its resistance . Introduction to Membrane Filtration Cross-ow membrane filtration technology is quickly gaining global acceptance as an important manufacturing step in many of the process lines in the food, dairy, pharmaceutical, biotechnological, chemical and starch and sweetener industries world wide. This article includes some advances in sintered metal filters . Identification tests for cations and anions as per Indian Pharmacopoeia. Clarification - When solid are present in very low concentration in fluid, ex. PHARMACOGNOSY -2113 diatomaceous earth filtration, is a well-established method in pharmaceutical industries. 3. 2nd Clarification and Filtration-Theory of filtration, 2nd (Batch B) ----do----3rd Filter aids and selection of filters. Print Book & E-Book. Instead of using an immobilized depth filter medium, filter aid (e.g. It is extensively used for clarification. D. Pharmacy Syllabus for 1st year. The ability to produce very specific separations at low or . grey water, activated carbon, catalysts, heavy metals, PTA fines and pharmaceutical Replaces filter presses, manual plate filters, bag, cartridge, metal filters and centrifuges . Mobius FlexReady Solutions for Clarification Mobius single-use manufacturing offers a range of products, services and solutions to meet your particular clarification challenges. Disinfection and sterilization are essential for ensuring that medical and surgical instruments do not transmit infectious pathogens to patients. Filtration The removal of a suspended particles from fluid, liquid or gas by passing a fluid through a porous or semi- permeable medium Basic Of Filtrations Separation The removal of dissolved substance from a carrier fluid stream Cartridge filtration Pressure driven www.filter-concept.comwww.e-brandstudio.com Other Driving Forces Although multiple linked stages are common within harvest and clarification to achieve product clarity, each unit a liquid and circulating the feed until the filter aid is uniformly deposited on the filter septum. Jerusalem artichoke extract was clarified by ultra-filtration. c) Minimize crystal formation during filtration. Clarification and Filtration Full Chapter PDF Free Download For Downloading PDF File Full Chapter Check Below the Writing. Depth, or pad, filtration is a technology commonly used to remove whole cells, cell debris, and colloids found in mammalian-cell and bacterial fermentation broths. Filtration may be defined as the separation of solid from a fluid by means of a porous medium that retains the solid but allows the fluid to pass. Clarification for vaccines - the economic and efficient removal of cell debris and negatively charged molecules with FILTRODISC BIO SD and FILTRODISC R2U depth filter modules. Filtration is a process where solid particles present in a suspension are separated from liquid or gas employing a porous medium. Slurry Answer: Filtrate In the clarification process, which factor is more important i. Clarification processes are critical steps in the production of biological products because they directly affect yield, product consistency, and reproducibility. Figure 1: Clarification process for mammalian cell culture. Importance of microbiology in pharmacy. Each exam-ination may be held twice every year. Most downstream processing flow sheets will, therefore, include at least one unit-operation for the removal ("clarification") or concentration, just the opposite, of particulates. provide optimal clarification of bioprocess, biological and pharmaceutical fluids. It can produce purest supernatant due to its enlarged separation surface. Filtration is a process for separating two substances of two different physical states. Introduction of different dosage forms, Metrology, Packaging of pharmaceuticals, Size separation, Mixing and Homogenization, Clarification and Filtration, Extraction and Galenicals, Distillation, Introduction to drying process, Sterilization, Aseptic techniques, Processing of Tablets, Processing of Capsules . The first purification step after fermentation is the cell removal from several ml up to thousand l culture broth. a) True, False. Chapter: Pharmaceutical Biotechnology: . Filtration is. Tests were performed to investigate effects of membrane pore size and operation conditions (trans-membrane pressure and rotation speed) on filtration kinetics and membrane-fouling mechanism. of filtration earth handled by the operators to be considerably reduced. Alluvial or cake filtration, e.g. Zeta Plus ZA Series filter medium is composed of pre-extracted inorganic filter aid, cellulose and a resin system that imparts a strong positive charge to the filter matrix, aiding its adsorption of negatively charged contaminants. 0.40 to 0.60 mm. You can select from a range of single-use options including mixers, integrated filtration platforms, connectors, storage containers and hardware. Answer: c. Clarification: In hot filtration, the solution, filter and funnel are heated to minimize the crystal formation during filtration. Clarification of fermentation broths is one of the most important and disregarded steps in biotech processes. Rapid sand filtration is a physical process that removes suspended solids from the water. Jerusalem artichoke is an important plant for industrial inulin production. Most frequently used methods are centrifugation and filtration techniques (e.g., ultrafiltration, diafiltration and . Depth of the media ii. 1. Clarification and filtration Extraction and galenicals Distillation Introduction to the drying process Sterilization Aseptic techniques Processing of tablets Processing of capsules Study of immunological products 2. Introduction to Biomanufacturing 425 Terms Capture/recovery: the rapid separation of the product of interest from the cells of the bioreactor Direct Flow Filtration (DFF): devices which allow the process fluid to cross the membrane in essentially a perpendicular flow direction; this provides little or no prevention of particulate Tangential-flow filtration (TFF) is used in microfiltration mode (open cut-off from 300 kD to 0.65 m). Normal flow filtration (NFF) using depth and membrane filters is the most popular approach for clarification of rAAV, as NFF generally provides good yields for rAAV vectors at a reasonable cost with minimal process development complexity. Filtration is a unit operation that is commonly used for collecting i. Filtrate ii. Pall prefilter and clarification filter technologies are used to reduce bioburden, remove particulate contaminants, and clarify solutions prior to further downstream processing. Especially for batch production with suspension-adapted cells, debris must be removed to prevent filter clogging and maximize target recovery. Produced using the same quality materials and manufacturing excellence as our other product lines, you can be assured of their performance, dependability and scalability. Membrane fouling was proved the main filtration resistance for a . 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